Assessment of the variation in nutritional composition and safety of dried recovered food from United States households and prospects for use in chicken feed

Introduction New poultry feed valorization pathways for recovered household food could be enabled by commercially available devices that dry uneaten material, arrest spoilage, and preserve nutrient content. However, the composition, safety, incorporation potential of dried (DRHF) is presently unknown. Methods Thirty-eight households spanning 31 states participated in a 4-to-6-week survey to generate collect residues were using an in-home device. The DRHF samples evaluated chemical digestibility energy amino acids, safety determine their inclusion chicken feed. Results discussion had average levels 15.9% crude protein, 13.3% fat, 22.6% neutral detergent fiber, 3.18 kcal/g nitrogen-adjusted true metabolizable (by weight). Windows User-Friendly Feed Formulation 2.1 modeler was used perform linear programming develop rations broilers layers incorporated alongside conventional ingredients, including corn, soybean meal, dicalcium phosphate, limestone, synthetic salt, vitamin premix, mineral premix. formulation results showed that, on average, rates up 33 37% weight) are predicted avoid any deficiencies or electrolyte imbalances broiler layer rations, respectively. In ration, displaced limestone varying degrees, while animal substantially rations. Addition premix as necessary facilitate Furthermore, foodborne pathogens, mycotoxins, heavy metals either absent below United States regulatory threshold levels. Measured biogenic amines fat/oil oxidation consistent with prior research showing compatibility chickens. These can inform future vivo feeding trials validate use properties